EARLY READING AND WRITING LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN INCLUSIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

Khairunnisa Khairunnisa, Sari Sari, Aris Sugianto

Abstract


Early reading and writing skills are essential foundations of literacy, including for children with disabilities (CWD) in inclusive schools. This study aims to describe the strategies, media, and assessments applied in teaching early reading and writing for CWD in first grade at SDN Banua Anyar 8 Banjarmasin. A naturalistic qualitative approach was employed with eight participants, consisting of a classroom teacher, three special education assistants, and five CWD diagnosed with mild to severe autism. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentations, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s model. The results indicate that teaching strategies were adapted to the students’ characteristics, such as the TEACCH method for students with severe autism and cooperative or game-based learning for those with mild autism. Instructional media included posters, flashcards, pictures, puzzles, and videos, while assessments were individualized, ranging from simplified reading tasks to recognition of letters and numbers. These findings highlight the significance of individualized approaches, visual-audio media, and flexible assessments to enhance early literacy among CWD. The study implies fostering more responsive and meaningful inclusive literacy practices.


Keywords


autism, early reading and writing, strategy, media, assessment

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ainsworth, M. K. (2014). Effectiveness of the ALL Curriculum to Teach Basic Literacy Skills to Groups of Students with Severe Disabilities and Complex Communication Needs. George Mason University.

Annisa, A. (2024). Jejak Literasi: Pendekatan Inklusif dalam Pendidikan untuk Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus. Strategi Navigasi Pendidikan Inklusif Untuk Meningkatkan SDM Yang Berkulitas Dan Berdaya Saing, 424–436.

Anugerah, W., Ason, A., & Lestari, N. (2023). Analisis Strategi Guru Dalam Membelajarkan Siswa Membaca Permulaan Di Sdn 18 Tubung. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar, 1(2), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.46368/jppsd.v1i2.1140

Atthoriqoh, R., Citrawari, T., Fadlillah, F., Fajrin, N. D., & Puspita, I. D. (2024). Analisis Kesulitan Menulis Permulaan pada Siswa Kelas 1 UPTD SDN Banyuajuh 2. Jurnal Yudistira : Publikasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Bahasa, 2(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.61132/yudistira.v2i4.1152

Bariyyah, K. (2018). Peningkatan Kemampuan Menuli Anak Autis dengan Multisensory Alphabet Bergambar (MAB). INKLUSI: Journal of Disability Studies, V(1), 239–270. https://doi.org/10.14421/ijds.050205

Dalman. (2016). Keterampilan Menulis. PT Raja Grafindo Persada.

Davidova, S. (2024). The Importance Of Inclusive Education In Teaching Writing. Current Research Journal of Pedagogics, 5(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-05-11-05

Davies, M., Elliott ,Stephen N., Sin ,Kuen Fung, Yan ,Zi, & and Yel, N. (2018). Using Adjustments to Support the Learning and Assessment Needs of Students with Disabilities: Macau and Mainland China Teachers’ Report. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 65(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2017.1346238

Dewi, V. S., Pudyaningtyas, A. R., & Sholeha, V. (2023). Strategi Orang Tua Dan Guru Mengembangkan Keaksaraan Awal Kelompok B Selama Pandemi COVID-19. Kumara Cendekia, 11(2), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.20961/kc.v11i2.60201

Divayana, D. G. H. (2018). Evaluasi Program. Perusahan Terbatas. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Farida, I., Puspita, D. retno, & Nurfadhillah, S. (2019). Analyzing Writing Difficulties in The Beginning Writing of Second Grade Elementary School Students. Golden Age : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.29313/ga:jpaud.v3i2.5272

Fauzi, I. (2022). Improving Vocabulary Through Implementing Song And Game-Based Learning Strategy Of English For Young Learners. Yavana Bhasha : Journal of English Language Education, 5(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.25078/yb.v5i1.728

Firdaus, I., & Pradipta, R. F. (2019). Implementasi Treatment and Education of Autistic and Realted Communicationhandicapped Children (TEACCH) pada Kemampuan Bina Diri Anak Down Syndrome. Jurnal ORTOPEDAGOGIA, 5(2), 57. https://doi.org/10.17977/um031v5i22019p57-61

Fitri, N. (2015). Upaya guru dalam mengembangkan keterampilan membaca dan menulis untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus pada mata pelajaran bahasa indonesia di SLB Negri 2 Kota Bengkulu.

Fritz, R., & Harn, B. (2021). Effective Literacy Instruction in Inclusive Schools. In Handbook of Effective Inclusive Elementary Schools (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Gelizon, M. J. B. (2024). Play to Learn: Exploring the Impact of Fun English Classes on the Literacy Skills of Elementary Learners. Environment & Social Psychology, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v9i10.3164

Hall, N. (2018). Interactive Writing with Young Children. Childhood Education, 76(6), 358–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2000.10521182

Harahsheh, N. K. (2021). Cause of Reading and Writing Difficulties among Children with Special Needs in the Lower Primary Stage from The Perspective of Their Teachers in Government Schools in Mafraq Governorate. مجلة العلوم التربوية و النفسية, 5(50), 117–199. https://doi.org/10.26389/AJSRP.K200621

Haryadi, R., & Cludia, C. (2021). Pentingnya Psikologi Pendidikan Bagi Guru. Academy of Education Journal, 12(2), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.47200/aoej.v12i2.448

Kusnadi. (2018). Metode Pembelajaran Kolaboratif: Penggunaan Tools SPSS dan Video Scribe. Edu Publisher.

Medina-Hinostroza, G. F., Nina-Medina, A. L., Nina-Medina, P., & Tasayco-Barrios, S. (2024). Learning to Read and Write at The Initial Level. International Journal of Religion, 5(9), Article 9. https://doi.org/10.61707/ag8n6v26

Mejala, J. R. (2024). Early Language Reading Interventions and Reading Skills of Elementary Grade One Pupils in Zambales, Philippines. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.03.08

Mesibov, G., & Shea, V. (2009). The TEACCH program in the era of evidence-based practice. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 570–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0901-6

Ningrum, P., Wuryani, W., & Lianty, L. (2021). Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia untuk Siswa Autis. Jurnal Pendidikan Terbuka Dan Jarak Jauh, 22(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.33830/ptjj.v22i2.2848.2021

Nurfadhillah, S., Octaviana, P., & Utami, D. (2022). Analisis Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Tunagrahita dengan Kesulitan Menulis pada Siswa Kelas 3 di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pasar Baru 1. TSAQOFAH, 2(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v2i6.629

Nurjanah, Kansil, I. C., Masturoh, I., & Hanwar, D. (2024). Multisensory Learning: Improving Conceptual Understanding Through an Intuitive Sensory Approach. Journal of Pedagogi, 1(6), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.62872/7ygyx095

Pakpahan, T. R. S., Fadila, J., & Ginting, H. S. G. B. (2024). Pentingnya Komunikasi Efektif dalam Pendidikan bagi Anak Usia Dini. Ta’rim: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Anak Usia Dini, 5(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.59059/tarim.v5i3.1325

Peixoto, V., Alegria, R., & Pestana, P. (2023). Early Literacy Intervention Program: Closing the Linguistic Gap of Socially Disadvantaged Children. In F. Nyemba & R. Chitiyo (Eds.), Closing the Educational Achievement Gap for Students With Learning Disabilities (pp. 163–212). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8737-2.ch009

Pratama, D. R., Ardani, N. F., Suryaningsih, D., & Minsih. (2025). Strategi Pembelajaran Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Dan Menggambar Untuk Anak ABK Dengan Autisme Di SLB. Esensi Pendidikan Inspiratif, 7(2), Article 2. https://journalpedia.com/1/index.php/epi/article/view/5410

Putri, W. D., Fitri, N., Handani, R., & Andriani, O. (2024). Kesulitan Belajar Dan Membaca Pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus. Simpati, 2(1), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.59024/simpati.v2i1.515

Rahayu, W., Winoto, Y., & Rahman, A. S. (2016). Kebiasaan Membaca Siswa Sekolah Dasar (Survei Aspek Kebiasan Membaca Siswa SD Negeri 2 Pinggirsari di Desa Pinggirsari Kecamatan Arjasari Kabupaten Bandung). Khizanah al-Hikmah : Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan, Informasi, dan Kearsipan, 4(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.24252/kah.v4i25

Rahmawati, A. F., Yati, N., & Widianti, M. (2023). Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus. Childhood Education : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.53515/cej.v4i1.4990

Rasooli, A., Razmjoee, M., Cumming, J., Dickson, E., & Webster, A. (2021). Conceptualising a Fairness Framework for Assessment Adjusted Practices for Students with Disability: An Empirical Study. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 28(3), 301–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2021.1932736

Razmjoee, M., Cumming, J., & Wyatt-Smith, C. (2023). A Case Study of Effective Classroom Assessment Adjustments for a Student with Disability: The Role of Teacher Pedagogical Mobility in Assessment Adjustments. Education Sciences, 13(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13121178

Ruslan, T. S. (2023). Membaca Apresiatif Teori dan Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran. Langgam Pustaka.

Rustinarsih, L. (2021). Make A Match Cara Menyenangkan Belajar Membaca Wacana Aksara Jawa. Penerbit YLGI.

Sa’adah, A., Pramono, P., Huda, A., & Irvan, M. (2022). Implementasi TEACCH Dalam Pembelajaran untuk Siswa Autisme di Sekolah Khusus. Jurnal ORTOPEDAGOGIA, 8(1), Article 1.

Sari, D. Y., Oktariani, L., & Novira, M. (2024). Upaya dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Permulaan di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa Dan Budaya, 3(3), 72–80. https://doi.org/10.55606/jpbb.v3i3.3837

Selian, S. N. (2023). Asesmen Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus. Syiah Kuala University Press.

Septy, N. (2021). Media Pembelajaran: Pengertian Media Pembelajaran, Landasan, Fungsi, Manfaat, Jenis-Jenis Media Pembelajaran, dan Cara Penggunaan Kedudukan Media Pembelajaran. Curriculum Vitae Jejak (Jejak Publisher).

Sucuoğlu, B., Özbek, A. B., Demir, E., & Bakkaloğlu, H. (2024). Factors Classifying School Adjustment of Children With and Without Special Needs in Inclusive Preschools. Journal of International Special Needs Education, 27(2), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.9782/JISNE-D-23-00012

Sukma, H. H. (2021). Strategi Kegiatan Literasi Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Baca Peserta Didik Di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal VARIDIKA, 33(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.23917/varidika.v33i1.13200

Supena, A., & Munajah, R. (2021). Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Membaca Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu.

Suratmi. (2022). Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Anak Autis Melalui Penerapan Terapi ABA (Applied Behaviour Analysis) Dengan Menggunakan Media Pembelajaran Flash Card Glenn Doman Di Skh Negeri 01 Cilegon Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022. Wiyatamandala : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 2(2), 223–235.

Surender. (2023). Collaborative Partnerships between General and Special Education Teachers. Global International Research Thoughts, 11(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.36676/girt.2023-v11i1-08

Tai, J. (2023). Moving beyond reasonable adjustments: Supporting employability through inclusive assessment design. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 14(2), 70–86. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2023vol14no2art1785

Unruh, S., & McKellar, N. A. (2017). Word Reading and Decoding. In S. Unruh & N. A. McKellar (Eds.), Assessment and Intervention for English Language Learners: Translating Research into Practice (pp. 63–79). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52645-4_5

Vargas, A. M. R. de O. (2024). Curriculum Adaptation For Students With Special Educational Needs. Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade, 5(06), Article 06. https://doi.org/10.51249/gei.v5i06.2339

Williams, C. (2018). Learning to Write With Interactive Writing Instruction. The Reading Teacher, 71(5), 523–532. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1643

Yoswanto. (2021). Menulis Karangan kala Pandemi Covid-19. Penerbit NEM.

Zakiyah, A. R., & Alvina, R. (2019). Penerapan Metode Guide Writing Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Pola Dasar Pada Anak Disgrafia. Happiness: Journal of Psychology and Islamic Science, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.30762/happiness.v3i1.348




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32934/jmie.v9i2.828

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

View My Stats

Copyright © 2017, JMIE: Journal of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Education, p-ISSN: 2580-0868, e-ISSN: 2580-2739

 

Indexed By:

 Logo Google Scholar Logo Garuda Logo Crossref Logo  Base  Logo Dimensions Logo Indonesia Onesearch